[ Volcano ] File - ka.txt

ka.txt

Keep-Alive Message

This is a Keep-Alive message to continue this Yahoo! Groups email list through slow messaging periods.

000.





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[ Volcano ]


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[californiadisasters] File - Too Many Messages?

This group frequently has a HIGH MESSAGE VOLUME during major incidents.

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[californiadisasters] File - Abbreviations & Meanings

Here is a list of internet abreviations and their meanings which will help you to better understand what others are saying and will give you some abreviated options for commonly used expressions and terms.

AAR At any rate
AAR can also mean "After Action Report", used in emergency management fields
AAS Alive and smiling
ADN Any day now
AEAP As early as possible
AFAIK As far as I know
AFK Away from keyboard
AISB As it should be
AOTA All of the above
ASAP As soon as possible
AWOL Absent Without Leave
B4 Before
B4N Bye for now
BAK Back at keyboard
BAU Business as usual
BBIAF Be back in a few
BBIAM Be back in a minute
BBL Be back later
BC Because or variously, Battalion Chief
BCNU Be seein' you
BFN Bye for now
BOL Best of luck
BRB Be right back
BTA But then again
BTW By the way
CHAOS Chief Has Arrived On Scene
CMIIW Correct me if I'm wrong
CMON Come one
CT CalTrans (California Department of Transportation)
CU See you
CUA See you around
CUL See you later
CUL8R See you later
CWYL Chat with you later
CYO See you online
DC Division Chief
DEGT Don't even go there
DIKU Do I know you?
DQMOT Don't quote me on this
DTS Don't think so
EM Emergency Management
EMA E-mail address
EOM End of message
F2F Face to face
FISH First in, still here
FAMCL Falling of my chair laughing
FC Fire Captain
FD Fire Department
FITB Fill in the blank
FM Fire Marshall
FUBAR Fudged Up Beyond All Recognition
FWIW For what it's worth
FYI For your information
GA Go ahead
GAL Get a life
GB Goodbye
GFI Go for it
GG Gotta Go
GIAR Give it a rest
GMTA Great minds think alike
GOL Giggling out loud
GR&D Grinning, running and ducking
GTRM Going to read mail
HAGN Have a good night
HAGO Have a good one
HHIS Head hanging in shame
HRU How are you?
HTH Hope this helps
IAC In any case
IAP Incident Action Plan
IB I'm back
IC I see, or variously Incident Command
ICP Incident Command Post
ICBW It could be worse
ICS Incident Command System
ICT Incident Command Team (CALFIRE term)
IDK I don't know
IDTS I don't think so
IIRC If I remember correctly
ILU I love you
ILY I love you
IM Instant message
IMHO In my humble opinion
IMNSHO In my not so humble opinion
IMO In my opinion
IMT Incident Management Team (USFS term)
INAL I'm not a lawyer
IOW In other words
IRMC I rest my case
ITA I totally agree
IUSS If you say so
IYKWIM If you know what I mean
IYO In your opinion
IYSS If you say so
JAC Just a sec
JIK Just in case
JJA Just joking around
JK Just kidding
KOTC Kiss on the cheek
KNIM Know what I mean?
L8R Later
LD Later, dude
LE Law Enforcement
LEO Law Enforcement Officer
LMAO Laughing my a** off
LOL Laughing out loud
LTM Laugh to myself
LTNS Long time no see
MorF Male or female?
MUSM Miss you so much
NBD No big deal
NIMBY Not in my back yard
NMH Not much here
NOYB None of your business
NN Night-Night
NP No problem
NRN No response necessary
NW No way
OIC Oh, I see
OEM Office Of Emergency Management
OES Office of Emergency Services
OMG Oh my God
OO Over and out
OOTD One of these days
OTOH On the other hand
OTTOMH Off the top of my head
PD Police Department
PDQ Pretty darn quick
PLMK Please let me know
PIMP Peeing in my pants
PMFI Pardon me for interrupting
PMFJI Pardon me for jumping in
POAHF Put on a happy face
PTL Praise the Lord
PXT Please explain that
PU That stinks!
RL Real life
RME Rolling my eyes
ROTFL Rolling on the floor laughing
RSN Real soon now
SMHID Scratching my head in disbelief
SNAFU Situation Normal ~ All Fudged Up
SO Sheriff's Office
SOMY Sick of me yet?
SOS Same Old Shtuff
SOTMG Short of time, must go
SPST Same place, same time
SSDD Same stuff, different day
ST or S/T Strike Team
STW Search the Web
SUITM See you in the morning
SUL See you later
SUP What's up?
SYL See you later
TAFN That's all for now
TAM Tomorrow a.m.
TC Take care
THX Thanks
TIA Thanks in advance
TLK2UL8R Talk to you later
TMI Too much information
TMWFI Take my word for it
TPM Tomorrow p.m.
TPTB The powers that be
TSDMF Tears streaming down my face
TTFN Ta ta for now
TTTT These things take time
TTYL Talk to you later
TTYS Talk to you soon
TU Thank you
TY Thank you
TYT Take your time
TYVM Thank you very much
UGTBK You've got to be kidding
UW You're welcome
WAM Wait a minute
WAYF Where are you from?
WB Welcome back
WIIFM What's in it for me?
WTC World Trade Center
WTG Way to go
WTH What the heck?
WTSHTF When the s*** hits the fan
WU? What's up?
WUF? Where are you from?
WWJD What would Jesus do?
WWYC Write when you can
WYSIWYG What you see is what you get
YBS You'll be sorry
YGBKM You gotta be kidding me
YW You're welcome


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[californiadisasters] File - California Disasters DISCUSSION GROUP

Extended discussion threads, chit-chat with other group members or slightly off-topic messages should be posted to the California Disasters DISCUSSION group, which can be found here:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/californiadisasters_discussion/
All members are urged to join this sister-group and use it to post messages that are not relevant to the purpose of the main list.

Thank you,
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[Geology2] File - Rules

Attention Group!


Rule #1 is Rule #1 on all Yahoo groups: NEVER argue with a list-owner or list-moderator! This group is a benevolent dictatorship, NOT a democracy.

Rule #2 is to FOLLOW THE GOLDEN RULE: act as you wish others to act and treat others as you would like to be treated. Failure to follow the Golden Rule will result in our not following the Golden Rule with whomever breaks said Rule.

Rule #3 is there will be ABSOLUTELY NO spamming, trolling, flaming, whining, agitating, cussing or any other anti-social behavior. Violate this rule at the peril of your group membership!

Rule #4 is this group is a POLITICS-FREE and RELIGION-FREE zone. We'll impeach/excommunicate anybody who transgresses!

Rule #5 is STAY ON-TOPIC. We allow for a little bit of flexibility but don't force us to play the heavy and have to clamp down on this behavior.

Rule #6 is AVOID IDLE ON-LIST CHIT-CHAT. Remember there are hundreds of folks on this list and thus keep your posts focused on matters that might interest/edify the group as a whole.

Rule #7 is TRIM YOUR POSTS of excess lineage. Preferably only include the previous message you are responding to if you are indeed responding to previous post(s).

Rule #8 is bring any concerns or complaints you have about anything directly to the list-owners/list-moderators via an OFF-LIST message and DO NOT EVER take matters into your own hands in our stead!

Rule #9 is IF IN DOUBT ... DON'T! If you feel posting a particular remark or item could be a problem then don't do it at all or not until you ask us FIRST!

Rule #10 is USE EMOTICONS! Doing this will cut down on misunderstandings as email is not the best way for human beings to communicate as much nuanced communication such as facial expressions and voice tone are absent in this medium.

Rule #11 is give proper attribution to other groups if you forward to this group any information or a post from another group in part or in whole. It's the courteous thing to do!



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[Geology2] Earth probably began with a solid shell

Earth probably began with a solid shell

New research suggests that plate tectonics began later in Earth's history

Date:

February 27, 2017

Source:

University of Maryland

Summary:

Plate tectonics -- a defining feature of modern Earth and the driving force behind earthquakes, volcanoes and mid-ocean spreading ridges -- did not start until later in Earth's history, new research suggests. The work is the latest salvo in a long-standing geological debate: did plate tectonics start right away, or did Earth begin with a solid shell covering the entire planet? The new results suggest the latter.

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The outer layer of modern Earth is a collection of interlocking rigid plates, as seen in this illustration. These plates grind together, sliding past or dipping beneath one another, giving rise to earthquakes and volcanoes. But new research suggests that plate tectonics did not begin until much later in Earth's history.

Credit: USGS

Today's Earth is a dynamic planet with an outer layer composed of giant plates that grind together, sliding past or dipping beneath one another, giving rise to earthquakes and volcanoes. Others separate at undersea mountain ridges, where molten rock spreads out from the centers of major ocean basins.

But new research suggests that this was not always the case. Instead, shortly after Earth formed and began to cool, the planet's first outer layer was a single, solid but deformable shell. Later, this shell began to fold and crack more widely, giving rise to modern plate tectonics.

The research, described in a paper published February 27, 2017 in the journal Nature, is the latest salvo in a long-standing debate in the geological research community: did plate tectonics start right away -- a theory known as uniformitarianism -- or did Earth first go through a long phase with a solid shell covering the entire planet? The new results suggest the solid shell model is closest to what really happened.

"Models for how the first continental crust formed generally fall into two groups: those that invoke modern-style plate tectonics and those that do not," said Michael Brown, a professor of geology at the University of Maryland and a co-author of the study. "Our research supports the latter -- a 'stagnant lid' forming the planet's outer shell early in Earth's history."

To reach these conclusions, Brown and his colleagues from Curtin University and the Geological Survey of Western Australia studied rocks collected from the East Pilbara Terrane, a large area of ancient granitic crust located in the state of Western Australia. Rocks here are among the oldest known, ranging from 3.5 to about 2.5 billion years of age. (Earth is roughly 4.5 billion years old.) The researchers specifically selected granites with a chemical composition usually associated with volcanic arcs -- a telltale sign of plate tectonic activity.

Brown and his colleagues also looked at basalt rocks from the associated Coucal formation. Basalt is the rock produced when volcanoes erupt, but it also forms the ocean floor, as molten basalt erupts at spreading ridges in the center of ocean basins. In modern-day plate tectonics, when ocean floor basalt reaches the continents, it dips -- or subducts -- beneath the Earth's surface, where it generates fluids that allow the overlying mantle to melt and eventually create large masses of granite beneath the surface.

Previous research suggested that the Coucal basalts could be the source rocks for the granites in the Pilbara Terrane, because of the similarities in their chemical composition. Brown and his collaborators set out to verify this, but also to test another long-held assumption: could the Coucal basalts have melted to form granite in some way other than subduction of the basalt beneath Earth's surface? If so, perhaps plate tectonics was not yet happening when the Pilbara granites formed.

To address this question, the researchers performed thermodynamic calculations to determine the phase equilibria of average Coucal basalt. Phase equilibria are precise descriptions of how a substance behaves under various temperature and pressure conditions, including the temperature at which melting begins, the amount of melt produced and its chemical composition.

For example, one of the simplest phase equilibria diagrams describes the behavior of water: at low temperatures and/or high pressures, water forms solid ice, while at high temperatures and/or low pressures, water forms gaseous steam. Phase equilibria gets a bit more involved with rocks, which have complex chemical compositions that can take on very different mineral combinations and physical characteristics based on temperature and pressure.

"If you take a rock off the shelf and melt it, you can get a phase diagram. But you're stuck with a fixed chemical composition," Brown said. "With thermodynamic modeling, you can change the composition, pressure and temperature independently. It's much more flexible and helps us to answer some questions we can't address with experiments on rocks."

Using the Coucal basalts and Pilbara granites as a starting point, Brown and his colleagues constructed a series of modeling experiments to reflect what might have transpired in an ancient Earth without plate tectonics. Their results suggest that, indeed, the Pilbara granites could have formed from the Coucal basalts.

More to the point, this transformation could have occurred in a pressure and temperature scenario consistent with a "stagnant lid," or a single shell covering the entire planet.

Plate tectonics substantially affects the temperature and pressure of rocks within Earth's interior. When a slab of rock subducts under the Earth's surface, the rock starts off relatively cool and takes time to gain heat. By the time it reaches a higher temperature, the rock has also reached a significant depth, which corresponds to high pressure -- in the same way a diver experiences higher pressure at greater water depth.

In contrast, a "stagnant lid" regime would be very hot at relatively shallow depths and low pressures. Geologists refer to this as a "high thermal gradient."

"Our results suggest the Pilbara granites were produced by melting of the Coucal basalts or similar materials in a high thermal gradient environment," Brown said. "Additionally, the composition of the Coucal basalts indicates that they, too, came from an earlier generation of source rocks. We conclude that a multi-stage process produced Earth's first continents in a 'stagnant lid' scenario before plate tectonics began."

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Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Maryland. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

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Journal Reference:

1. Tim E. Johnson, Michael Brown, Nicholas J. Gardiner, Christopher L. Kirkland, R. Hugh Smithies. Earth's first stable continents did not form by subduction. Nature, 2017; DOI: 10.1038/nature21383

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University of Maryland. "Earth probably began with a solid shell: New research suggests that plate tectonics began later in Earth's history." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 27 February 2017. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170227120347.htm>.

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Follow me on Twitter:

Geology: @1roxxfoxx

Penguins: @wiinterrr

Wolves: @Canislupus101

Cats, wild and domesticated: @AHome4Cats

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Posted by: Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com>

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[Volcano_Vista_HS] VVHS Announcements--Tuesday, February 28, 2017

Congratulations to this week's SOAR drawing winners.  The following students have been recognized by our staff for exhibiting Volcano Vista core values - Safety, Organization, Achievement and Respect.  All winners this week receive Hawk Spirit Wear.

Avery Quijano -    Recognized by Ms. Zeuli

Breanna Broulette- Recognized by Mrs.  Lopez-Leger

Zoe Chavez  - Recognized by Mrs. Valdez

Lila Nezar - Recognized by Mrs. Wells

Adam Trujillo - Recognized by Mr. Gallegos

 

This week is Spread the word to end the word!  The R-word is the word "retard or retarded." Why does it hurt? The R-word hurts because it is exclusive. It's offensive. It's derogatory.  Help us raise awareness about the hurtfulness of the R-word by pledging in lower E-hall during lunch this week.

 

BSU: There will be a BSU meeting today during lunch in Mrs. Vasquez' classroom, Room H-206.  Please be in attendance

 

DECA: Please remember the DECA Snack Bar is closed today while they are competing in the State Competition. It will reopen on Thursday they look forward to seeing you then! Please wish them luck!!

  

DRAMA: The musical "Urine Town" will be this Thursday, Friday and Saturday in the PAC.  Thursday @ 3pm/$5.00 for students; Friday @ 7pm; Saturday @ 2 & 7.  Cost: $5.00 for children 12 and under, $7.00 for students, $10.00 for adults

 

SENIOR SUPERLATIVE Photos will be during lunch on Thursday. Please meet in G184. For more information see Mr. Woods. 

 

COUNSELING:

• JUNIORS you can pick up your PSAT results in E224 during lunch or after school.

• Teachers – please remember that we are distributing report cards today during 4^th block.  Please pick up your report cards from your mailbox in the main office. 

 

ATHLETICS:

• TENNIS: Today, Girls will play Rio Grande at Ventana Ranch at 3:30 and Boys will play at Rio Grande at 3:30

• BASEBALL: will play at Atrisco Heritage at 3:30 today, will play at Sandia Thursday at 3:30, and will play at Valley at 10 on Saturday

• SOFTBALL: will play Atrisco at home at 4 today, will play Carlsbad at 4 on Friday, and will play at Highland at 10 on Saturday

• GIRLS BASKETBALL: will play at Rio Rancho at 7pm on Friday

• BOYS BASKETBALL: will play at Rio Rancho at 7pm on Saturday

   

 

And remember

As always

It's Great to be a Hawk!

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Posted by: ssteckbeck@yahoo.com

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