Wednesday, September 1, 2010
[californiadisasters] On This Date In CA Weather History (September 1)
On This Date In California Weather History....
2007: Severe thunderstorms struck from Lake Henshaw to Oak Grove.
Severe winds broke off large oak branches, damaging vehicles.
Debris on the highway caused an accident.
A heavy thunderstorm hit Wrightwood and produced a debris flow that damaged roads along Sheep Creek, and inundated the bridge at Heath Creek.
This was the second of three consecutive days (also 8.31 and 9.2) of flash flooding in Wrightwood.
A heat wave began on this day, with a monsoon flavor.
Temperatures exceeded 95° in the coasts and the mountains, 105° in the valleys, 110° in the Inland Empire and high deserts, and 115° in the lower deserts.
At least six deaths from heat related illnesses.
2007: An EF0 tornado touched down about three miles southwest of Rosamond during a late afternoon thunderstorm.
It then proceeded northwards through Rosamond before dissipating about three miles southeast of Mojave and skipped along a path of about 12 miles.
In Rosamond the tornado toppled several fences, blew over numerous utility poles, downed some tree branches and caused some damage to mobile homes.
2002: A tropical heat wave sent temperatures soaring to 118° in Dulzura, 113° in Temecula, and 112° in Riverside and Menifee.
Temperature gradients were remarkable near the coast.
It was 77° in Newport Beach and 107° in Santa Ana (only ten miles difference), 72° in Oceanside Harbor and 87° in Oceanside Airport (only two miles difference), 81° in Sea World to 91° in San Diego - Lindbergh Field (only three miles difference).
2000: Early morning thunderstorms brought 0.32" of rain to Fresno, setting a daily rainfall record.
Clovis recorded 0.65".
The rain caused damage to raisin crops in Fresno County and one person was injured in Northwest Fresno after being struck by lightning.
1997: Strong thunderstorms that developed on this day and again on 9.2 produced three wind gusts of 104 mph at Twentynine Palms.
Apple Valley received a gust of 62 mph.
A large tree was blown down in Apple Valley.
1987: Remnants of tropical storm Lidia brought thunderstorms to the San Diego valleys with lightning and strong damaging winds (possibly a tornado).
Lightning struck a power pole in El Cajon, which ruptured gas lines.
Another bolt started a house fire there.
Lightning caused several small fires in the area.
What was reported as a dust devil was probably a microburst or a tornado that damaged awnings and other items to mobile homes near Lake Jennings.
In El Cajon a tree with an 8-inch trunk was snapped in half.
35 mph winds were reported at Pt. Loma.
It was also a very hot day with the tropical air mass: It was 109° at the Wild Animal Park, 106° in El Cajon, 105° in Escondido and Santee, 99° at SDSU, 89° in National City and 83° in San Diego.
1972: Hurricane Hyacinth moved as far west as 125 West before recurving to the northeast.
The remnants made landfall between Los Angeles and San Diego on 9.3 with winds of 25 mph and rainfall of up to one inch in the mountains from 8.29 to 9.6.
This tropical cyclone holds the distinction of traveling the farthest west before recurving and making landfall in Southern California.
This occurred during the El Niño of 1972-73.
Only 0.44 inch was measured in San Diego.
1960: A noon thunderstorm hit the Barstow area.
Flash floods damaged highways around Lenwood.
Mud and debris were deposited on Barstow streets.
1955: A prolonged heat wave started on this day and ended on 9.7.
It was 110° in LA on this day, an all time record, and 104° in San Diego.
1950: The high temperature at Lovelock was 103.
1950: It was 121° in Palm Springs, the highest temperature on record for September.
Source: NWS Hanford, Reno, & San Diego
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Re: [Geology2] Carnivore Species Shrank During Global Warming Event
| Thanks this was great.. Allison --- On Wed, 9/1/10, Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com> wrote:
|
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Re: [Geology2] NC Farm Produces Emerald Shaped Into Massive Gem
Hi again,
Here ya go: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_craton
If you have questions after reading the section on "Interior Platform," just ask. The best parts of geology, for me, are historical geology and vulcanism. "Old" is "in." :)
Lin
On Wed, Sep 1, 2010 at 9:06 AM, Allison Loukanis <allison.m.loukanis@att.net> wrote:
I could definitely check the Roadside Geology book but wouldn't know what to look f for interms of the oldest sections of the NA plate. Would I be looking for basalt rock or granite or what? Guess the book can tell me but hey.. I like talking online..lol. Allison
--- On Wed, 9/1/10, Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com> wrote:
From: Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Geology2] NC Farm Produces Emerald Shaped Into Massive Gem
To: geology2@yahoogroups.com
Date: Wednesday, September 1, 2010, 1:53 PM
Hi Allison,
What's exciting to me about WI (& MI) is that there are locations where the oldest sections of the NA plate within the continental US lie. You'd have to check online or in a book of the likes of "Roadside Geology" in order to find the exact location.
Lin
On Wed, Sep 1, 2010 at 8:41 AM, Allison Loukanis <allison.m.loukanis@att.net> wrote:
Now how cool is this? What about WI .. any gems to be found here? We have a group here that pans for gold.. they usually show up at the WI geological society gem and mineral show put on here at Hart Park in early May... they say sometimes they find gold in our rivers up here although admittedly it is more of a social group. I dont' think there will be a gold rush any time soon..lol. Allison
--- On Wed, 9/1/10, Kim Noyes <kimnoyes@gmail.com> wrote:
From: Kim Noyes <kimnoyes@gmail.com>
Subject: [Geology2] NC Farm Produces Emerald Shaped Into Massive Gem
To: "CentralCoastRockhounds" <centralcoastrockhounds@yahoogroups.com>, "Geology2" <geology2@yahoogroups.com>
Date: Wednesday, September 1, 2010, 6:24 AM
NC farm produces emerald shaped into massive gem
By EMERY P. DALESIO, Associated Press Writer Emery P. Dalesio, Associated Press Writer – Mon Aug 30, 7:07 pm ETRALEIGH, N.C. – An emerald so large it's being compared with the crown jewels of Russian empress Catherine the Great was pulled from a pit near corn rows at a North Carolina farm.The nearly 65-carat emerald its finders are marketing by the name Carolina Emperor was pulled from a farm once so well known among treasure hunters that the owners charged $3 a day to shovel for small samples of the green stones. After the gem was cut and re-cut, the finished product was about one-fifth the weight of the original find, making it slightly larger than a U.S. quarter and about as heavy as a AA battery.The emerald compares in size and quality to one surrounded by diamonds in a brooch once owned by Catherine the Great, who was empress in the 18th century, that Christie's auction house in New York sold in April for $1.65 million, said C.R. "Cap" Beesley, a New York gemologist who examined the stone.While big, uncut crystals and even notable gem-quality emeralds have come from the community 50 miles northwest of Charlotte called Hiddenite, there has never been one so big it's worthy of an imperial treasury, Beesley said.Source: http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100830/ap_on_re_us/us_carolina_emerald
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Re: [Geology2] Carnivore Species Shrank During Global Warming Event
Hi Allison,
Here ya go: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergmann%27s_rule
This info should explain it all. :)
Lin
On Wed, Sep 1, 2010 at 8:44 AM, Allison Loukanis <allison.m.loukanis@att.net> wrote:
I am a carnivore.. will I shrink, do you think? lol. Seriously, just why is it that cold climates or Ice Ages produce such large sizes? The dinosaurs were huge some of them and they were products of a warm climate. Allison
--- On Wed, 9/1/10, Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com> wrote:
From: Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com>
Subject: [Geology2] Carnivore Species Shrank During Global Warming Event
To: "Geology2" <geology2@yahoogroups.com>
Date: Wednesday, September 1, 2010, 1:04 PM
University of Florida vertebrate paleontologist Jon Bloch examines the right jaw of a new species of carnivorous mammal, Palaeonictis wingi. The hyena-like species evolved to a smaller size during a global warming period that occurred 55 million years ago. (Credit: Jennifer Duerden/University of Florida)Carnivore Species Shrank During Global Warming Event
ScienceDaily (Aug. 31, 2010) — A new University of Florida study indicates extinct carnivorous mammals shrank in size during a global warming event that occurred 55 million years ago.
The study, scheduled to appear in the December print edition of the Journal of Mammalian Evolution and now available online, describes a new species that evolved to half the size of its ancestors during this period of global warming.The hyena-like animal, Palaeonictis wingi, evolved from the size of a bear to the size of a coyote during a 200,000-year period when Earth's average temperature increased about 15 degrees Fahrenheit. Following this global warming event, Earth's temperature cooled and the animal evolved to a larger size."We know that plant-eating mammals got smaller during the earliest Eocene when global warming occurred, possibly associated with elevated levels of carbon dioxide," said lead author Stephen Chester, a Yale University doctoral student who began the research at UF with Jonathan Bloch, curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Florida Museum of Natural History. "Surprisingly, this study shows that the same thing happened in some carnivores, suggesting that other factors may have played a critical role in their evolution."Researchers discovered a nearly complete jaw from the animal in Wyoming's Big Horn Basin in 2006 during a fossil-collecting expedition, led by Bloch, a co-author on the study. Bloch said the new findings could help scientists better understand the impact of current global warming."Documenting the impact of global climate change in the past is one of the only real experiments that can inform us about what the effects global warming might have on mammals in the near future," said Bloch, who has studied this climate change event for nearly a decade.Scientists think the Earth experienced increased levels of carbon dioxide and a drier environment during the warmer time period, but they do not completely understand what caused mammals to shrink.One theory is that carbon dioxide levels reduced plant nutrients, causing herbivorous mammals to shrink. The newly described species primarily consumed meat, meaning plant nutrients couldn't have been the only factor, Bloch said.Mammals in warmer climates today tend to be smaller than mammals in colder climates, Chester said. For example, brown bears in Montana are generally smaller than those found in Alaska.The study's other authors are Ross Secord, assistant professor at the University of Nebraska, and Doug Boyer, assistant professor at Brooklyn College.Bloch said a tooth from this animal was described in a paper about 20 years ago, but scientists did not have enough information to name the new species until finding the jaw.The species was named after Scott Wing, a paleobotanist at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. He studies the impact the global warming event had on forests in the past, and has played an important role in the collaborative research in the Big Horn Basin, Bloch said.Story Source:The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of Florida. The original article was written by Leeann Bright.
Journal Reference:
- Stephen G. B. Chester, Jonathan I. Bloch, Ross Secord, Doug M. Boyer. A New Small-Bodied Species of Palaeonictis (Creodonta, Oxyaenidae) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2010; DOI: 10.1007/s10914-010-9141-y
University of Florida. "Carnivore Species Shrank During Global Warming Event." ScienceDaily 31 August 2010. 1 September 2010 <http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2010/08/100824110848.htm>.
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[Geology2] Bacteria Make Gold Nuggets
Bacteria Make Gold Nuggets
The finding could help prospectors use biosensors to zero-in on where clumps of the precious metal may lie.
By Larry O'Hanlon | Wed Sep 1, 2010 08:39 AM ET
Gold nuggets are often the creations of bacterial biofilms, say Australian researchers who have demonstrated the process and even identified the bacteria at work.
Layers of bacteria can actually dissolve gold into nanoparticles, which move through rocks and soils, and then deposit it in other places, sometimes creating purer "secondary" gold deposits in cracks and crevices of rocks. The process overturns the long-held belief by some scientists that gold ore is created only by "primary" physical geological processes.
By looking at the DNA in biofilms that grow on gold grains collected from the Prophet gold mine in southeast Queensland, Australia , the University of Adelaide's Frank Reith and his colleagues discovered that 90 percent of the bacteria were of just two species Delftia acidovorans and Cupriavidus metallidurans. The bacteria share genes that make them resistant to the toxic effects of heavy metals.
"It's the first time we actually see the mechanism laying on top of the gold grain," said Joël Brugger of the South Australian Museum and University of Adelaide, a co-author on a report about the discovery which appears in the September issue of the journal Geology.
"We tagged the DNA and saw the beautiful active biofilm (dissolving the gold)," said Brugger. "That was very interesting because gold in soluble form is very toxic." That dissolved gold can then be redeposited in other places in a much purer form.
The discovery is especially important because it could point to a new high tech way to prospect for gold.
"They have been looking for gold in Australia for a hundred years," said Brugger. "It's getting more and more difficult." In fact most of the gold mining activity is just extensions of old discoveries made decades ago. "Finding something new is really, really rare."
One thing that makes it particularly hard to find new gold deposits in southeast Queensland is that the rocks there, and over most of Australia, are some of the oldest on Earth and have been largely ground down and buried by many meters of soil.
Finding gold deposits has often meant chancing upon the element on or near the surface soil, then digging down in search of ore-bearing rocks. Sometimes that has worked, sometimes not, said Brugger.
"At the moment we don't really understand how gold moves around in the environment," said Brugger. "I think that here we can see for the first time how it happens." Microbes dissolve it and move it around with the groundwater flow -- which can be pretty quick.
The presence of the bacteria could be a quick way to test if gold is present in the ground, Brugger suggested. Field geologists could even someday use biosensors that are tuned to detect the genes of these gold-specific microbes.
"It may have a direct application in understanding how gold is going to exist in these environments," agreed geochemist D.C. "Bear" McPhail of Australian National University. McPhail is looking at how microbes might alter the concentrations of different uranium isotopes, also a toxic metal, in soils, which can effect radioisotope dating techniques.
"We still have some way to go until we have direct application," said McPhail. "But it may lead to looking in different parts of the soil. It gets more and more sophisticated all the time."
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