An improved age for Earth's latest magnetic field reversal using radiometric dating

Date:: July 7, 2015
Source:: Research Organization of Information and Systems
Summary:: The Earth's magnetic field experiences reversals such that north becomes south. The age of the latest reversal is unclear. Researchers have dated volcanic ash that was formed immediately before the last reversal. This result and chronology of the associated sedimentary rock identifies the age of the reversal as 780,000 years ago. This new age will contribute calibrating the geological time scale.

This is a photograph of the geological section across the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. (a) Overview of the Chiba section. (b) and (c) Detail of a volcanic ash layer (Byk-E) just below the MBB in the Chiba section. The length of the ruler (b) and diameter of the coin (c) are 1.25 m and 2 cm, respectively.

Credit: NIPR/Ibaraki University/JAMSTEC

Earth's magnetic field periodically reverses such that the north magnetic pole becomes the south magnetic pole. The latest reversal is called by geologists the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary (MBB), and occurred approximately 780,000 years ago. The MBB is extremely important for calibrating the ages of rocks and the timing of events that occurred in the geological past; however, the exact age of this event has been imprecise because of uncertainties in the dating methods that have been used.

A team of researchers based in Japan and Canada have obtained an improved age for the MBB. The team studied volcanic ash that was deposited immediately before the MBB. This volcanic ash contains small crystals called zircons. Some of these crystals formed at the same time as the ash; thus, radiometric dating of these zircons using the uranium-lead method provided the exact age of the ash. To verify their findings, the researchers also used a different method to date sedimentary rock from the same place that was formed at the time of the MBB. The combined results demonstrate that the age of the MBB is 770.2 ± 7.3 thousand years ago. The research has been published in the journal Geology.

Dr. Yusuke Suganuma of the National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, who is the lead author on the paper, commented: "This study is the first direct comparison of radiometric dating, dating of sediments, and the geomagnetic reversal for the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary. Our work contributes calibrating the geological time scale, and will be extremely important in future studies of the events that occurred at this time."

Story Source:

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Journal Reference:

Y. Suganuma, M. Okada, K. Horie, H. Kaiden, M. Takehara, R. Senda, J.-I. Kimura, K. Kawamura, Y. Haneda, O. Kazaoka, M. J. Head. Age of Matuyama-Brunhes boundary constrained by U-Pb zircon dating of a widespread tephra. Geology, 2015; 43 (6): 491 DOI: 10.1130/G36625.1

Research Organization of Information and Systems. "An improved age for Earth's latest magnetic field reversal using radiometric dating." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 7 July 2015. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150707101952.htm>.