Costa Rica Volcano Spews Ash, Prompts Evacuations
The Turrialba volcano's largest eruption in over a century rained ash over parts of central Costa Rica and prompted the evacuation of some nearby communities, authorities said Thursday.
Volcanologist Gino Gonzalez of the Central American country's National Seismological Network said after visiting the volcano's rim that the overnight blast caused the side of the crater to collapse.
Ash fall was observed in four provinces, and scientists were analyzing its content to determine whether the eruption could be a precursor to lava emission.
"We are maintaining 24/7 vigilance at our seismic stations," Gonzalez said.
Gonzalez said the volcano began rumbling and producing seismic activity the previous evening. He called it the biggest explosion recorded at Turrialba in at least 100 years.
Turrialba is about 44 miles (71 kilometers) east of the capital, San Jose.
A yellow alert was declared for communities near the volcano, which were evacuated. Agriculture Ministry officials were attending to some 400 head of cattle in areas where ash fell.
Kilauea Lava Flow Consumes Cemetery, Reaches Town
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| Lava pushes through a fence in this Oct. 28 photo taken in the Hawaiian village of Pahoa. Credit: USGS |
Weeks of grim waiting ended yesterday (Oct. 28) for two homeowners in Hawaii's Pahoa village, as they became the first to lose their yards and fences to Kilauea volcano's relentless river of lava.
The June 27 lava flow now threatens 40 to 50 homes and structures, as well as a major road, according to the Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency. The lava was less than 100 yards (90 meters) from the closest home and 260 yards (240 m) from Pahoa Village road on Wednesday morning (Oct. 29).
Late Tuesday afternoon, the incandescent lava consumed an empty farm shed and incinerated a pile of old tires, sending black smoke billowing into the sky. On Sunday, it had already oozed through a century-old Buddhist cemetery, burying the grave markers. [Photos: Lava Threatens Homes in Hawaii]
Residents in the current flow path were advised of the possible need for evacuation Sunday night. Property owners are allowed to watch the lava pass through their land, officials said.
The lava flow was moving about 11 yards (10 m) per hour late Tuesday, but slowed overnight, reaching a speed of about 5.5 yards (5 m) per hour by 6:30 a.m. Hawaii time, the U.S. Geological Survey said Wednesday. The USGS expects the lava to eventually cross Pahoa Village Road, the statement said.
The smooth pahoehoe lava has streamed a total of about 13 miles (21 kilometers) since June 27, when the new flow broke out from Pu'u O'o crater in Kilauea's East Rift Zone.
Many Pahoa residents have already evacuated from the village, after geologists and county officials alerted them of the possible danger at a series of community meetings in August and September.
Kilauea volcano's incredible 31-year eruption has destroyed more than 200 structures since 1983, including the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park visitor center at Wahaula and homes in town of Kalapana, along with the nearby Royal Gardens subdivision. Lava flows have also blocked Chain of Craters Road in the national park since 1986. But now, because the June 27 lava flow threatens to cut off Pahoa's access to the rest of Hawaii via Highway 130, emergency construction will reopen Chain of Craters Road for the first time in decades.
Despite the losses, there haven't been large-scale efforts to stop Hawaii's lava flows since the military tried bombing Mauna Loa volcano's lava flows in 1935 and 1942. Several reasons dissuade locals and scientists from trying to stem the flow, said Ken Rubin, a geology professor at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu. For instance, lava diversion could have unintended consequences, such as pushing the lava from one area only to direct it toward another community. And cooling the lava with seawater, as was done in Haimey, Iceland, wouldn't work in Pahoa, which is miles from the ocean. Finally, letting the natural process play out is a sign of respect for Pele, the volcano goddess, according to Hawaiians, Rubin said.
But some Pahoa village residents aren't afraid of Pele's anger. Homeowner Alfred Lee built a 12-foot-tall (3.6 m) dirt berm (raised strip of land) to deflect the oncoming lava, he told West Hawaii Today. Berms and buildings can have surprising effects on the lava's path. On Sunday, an old berm from a sugar cane growing operation unexpectedly diverted the lava into an open field, Rubin said.
"As it gets closer to human-made structures and changes on the landscape, it may become less predictable," he said.
Geologists with the Hawaii Volcano Observatory are monitoring the lava flow 24 hours a day.
http://www.livescience.com/48523-hawaii-lava-flow-reaches-town.html?adbid=527974047812816896&adbpl=tw&adbpr=146469194&cmpid=514647_20141031_346848~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
http://www.wcvb.com/national/lava-creeps-close-to-hawaii-homes/29403766
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