Big dinosaur discoveries in tiny toothy packages

Teeth used to identify 6 non-avian dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous in the South Pyrenees Basin in Spain

Date:: August 7, 2015
Source:: University of Alberta
Summary:: Researchers have examined one of the smallest parts of the fossil record -- theropod teeth -- to shed light on the evolution of dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous. Findings have effectively quadrupled the dinosaur diversity in the area of study, including the exceptional site of Laño. There were previously only two known species in the area.

This is an artist's rendering of small theropod from the South Pyrenees.

Credit: Sydney Mohr (artist), University of Alberta.

Researchers have examined one of the smallest parts of the fossil record--theropod teeth--to shed light on the evolution of dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous. Findings published in the journal Acta Palaeontologica Polonica have effectively quadrupled the dinosaur diversity in the area of study, eight localities from Treviño County, Huesca and Lerida--including the exceptional site of Laño. There were previously only two known species in the area.

The study of 142 isolated teeth from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of the South Pyrenean Basin suggests six additional species of toothed theropods (five small, one large) were present in the region. "Studying these small parts helps us reconstruct the ancient world where dinosaurs lived and to understand how their extinction happened," says lead author Angelica Torices, post-doctoral fellow in biological sciences at the University of Alberta. "Teeth are especially important in the study of Upper Cretaceous creatures in Spain and the rest of Europe because we don't have complete skeletons of theropods from that time in those locations. We have to rely on these small elements to reconstruct the evolution of these dinosaurs, particularly the theropods."

Carnivorous dinosaurs replaced their teeth continuously, with just one dinosaur producing a huge number of these dental pieces and an endless number of clues for understanding these mysterious creatures. This study demonstrates the value of isolated teeth in reconstructing the composition of dinosaur paleofaunas when other, more complete material is not present, allowing interpretation of the evolution of diversity through time.

The findings provide huge strides in understanding not only the diversity of carnivorous dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous in Europe, but also how the diversity of large animals responds to climatic changes. "It completely changes the vision of the ecosystem," says Torices. "Moreover, we now understand that these dinosaurs disappeared very quickly in geological time, probably in a catastrophic event. Climatic models show that we may reach Cretaceous temperatures within the next century, and the only way we can study biodiversity under such conditions is through the fossil record."

Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by University of Alberta. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

Journal Reference:

Angelica Torices. Theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of the South Pyrenees Basin of Spain. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 2013; DOI: 10.4202/app.2012.0121

University of Alberta. "Big dinosaur discoveries in tiny toothy packages: Teeth used to identify 6 non-avian dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous in the South Pyrenees Basin in Spain." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 7 August 2015. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150807092333.htm>.