Sunday, January 31, 2016

[Geology2] El Misti Volcano Waking Up after Centuries of Sleep



El Misti Volcano Waking Up after Centuries of Sleep

Published: 
Jan 30 2016
By Anna Norris


El Misti, as seen from the city of Arequipa, Peru. Almost 1 million people live within 20 miles of the iconic volcano. (iStock/jirivondrous)

For the first time in more than 500 years, Peru's El Misti volcano is showing signs of potentially eruptive activity.

According to the committee charged with volcanic risk management for the region of Arequipa, El Misti is one of a dozen potentially active volcanoes in Peru but its proximity to a million residents have the officials concerned.  

Gas emissions and magmatic activity have been recorded, Peru This Week reports, but officials note the activity does not necessarily pose an immediate danger of eruption.

Officials warned people living nearby to refrain from building property too close to the volcano and to be prepared for evacuations, Wired reports.

According to the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, El Misti is Peru's most well-known volcano and hasn't had a major eruption since the 15th century.

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Posted by: Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com>



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[californiadisasters] Flash Flood Warnings For SLO County (1/31/16-AM)



FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...    CENTRAL SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY IN SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA...    * UNTIL 1215 PM PST    * AT 916 AM PST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR AND    AUTOMATED RAIN GAGES ARE INDICATING HEAVY RAIN ACROSS THE WARNED    AREA. RAINFALL RATES ARE ESTIMATED TO BE CLOSE TO ONE INCH PER    HOUR. FLASH FLOODING IS LIKELY OR IMMINENT WITHIN THE WARNED AREA.    MUD AND DEBRIS FLOWS ARE LIKELY WITHIN RECENT BURN AREAS.    * SOME LOCATIONS THAT MAY EXPERIENCE FLOODING INCLUDE...    THE CUESTA AND PARKHILL BURN AREAS...    MONTANA DE ORO STATE PARK...    SAN LUIS OBISPO...    MORRO BAY...    PISMO BEACH...    ATASCADERO...    ARROYO GRANDE...    GROVER BEACH...    SHELL BEACH...    DIABLO CANYON...    LAKE LOPEZ...    AVILA BEACH...    SANTA MARGARITA...    HIGHWAY 101 OVER CUESTA GRADE...    BAYWOOD-LOS OSOS...    AND CAYUCOS.    PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...    TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN WHEN ENCOUNTERING FLOODED ROADS. MOST FLOOD  DEATHS OCCUR IN VEHICLES.    &&    LAT...LON 3517 12027 3511 12063 3515 12065 3515 12067        3517 12070 3518 12075 3516 12077 3521 12086        3525 12090 3535 12086 3532 12086 3532 12084        3533 12085 3534 12083 3538 12086 3542 12087        3554 12044    $$    HALL/SMITH

FLASH FLOOD WARNING  CAC079-312015-  /O.NEW.KLOX.FF.W.0007.160131T1718Z-160131T2015Z/  /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/    BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED  FLASH FLOOD WARNING  NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OXNARD CA  918 AM PST SUN JAN 31 2016    THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN OXNARD HAS ISSUED A    * FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...    NORTHEASTERN SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY IN SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA...    * UNTIL 1215 PM PST    * AT 915 AM PST...DOPPLER RADAR AND AUTOMATED GAGES INDICATED    MODERATE TO LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN FALLING ACROSS THE WARNED    AREA...WITH RAINFALL RATES OVER ONE HALF INCH PER HOUR. UP TO ONE    INCH OF RAIN HAS ALREADY FALLEN. FLASH FLOODING IS LIKELY...WITH    MUD AND DEBRIS FLOWS POSSIBLE IN CANYONS AND STEEP TERRAIN.    * SOME LOCATIONS THAT MAY EXPERIENCE FLOODING INCLUDE...BLACK    MOUNTAIN...SHANDON...CALIFORNIA VALLEY AND THE CARRIZO PLAIN.    PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...    TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN WHEN ENCOUNTERING FLOODED ROADS. MOST FLOOD  DEATHS OCCUR IN VEHICLES.


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Posted by: Kim Noyes <kimnoyes@gmail.com>


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Re: [californiadisasters] Picture of the Day - A~Town Buttermilk Sky





Just beautiful W/TY Kim
 
Eclectic Arcania a little bit later saw "red at night... sailor's delight":

http://eclecticarcania.blogspot.com/2016/01/picture-of-day-atown-buttermilk-sky.html




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Posted by: Marilyn Sass <paws_sassy@yahoo.com>


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[californiadisasters] Upcoming Webinar on Art/Cultural Preparedness from Emergencies and Disasters, Feb 11



The "whole community" concept underscores the importance of cross-sector collaboration in strengthening a community's resilience. This 90-minute webinar will explore a unique public-private partnership between cultural heritage and emergency management professionals called Alliance for Response (AFR). Launched in 2003, this program has connected more than 800 museums, libraries, archives, and other collecting institutions across the country with their local first responders and emergency managers. 

An overview of the program, administered by the Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation, will be followed by a close look at one AFR network - AFR-Miami – which is co-chaired by an emergency manager and a cultural steward. Other AFR networks will likewise share how their network has influenced local planning efforts and enhanced the protection of cultural and historic resources. The webinar will conclude with examples of federal guidance on protecting these resources. Each segment will offer ample time for Q&A from participants. 

Speakers: 
• Jessica Unger, Emergency Programs Coordinator, Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works 
• Steve Detwiler, Emergency Management Planner (Recovery & Public-Private Partnership), Miami-Dade County Office of Emergency Management, AFR Miami Co-chair 
• Kim Bergen, Registrar, FIU Wolfsonian, AFR Miami Co-chair 
• Lori Foley, Administrator, Heritage Emergency National Task Force, FEMA/Smithsonian Institution 



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Posted by: Steve Detwiler <steveorange2011@gmail.com>


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[Geology2] Earthquake power laws emerge in bamboo chopsticks (w/ video)



Earthquake power laws emerge in bamboo chopsticks (w/ video)

January 29, 2016 by Lisa Zyga
The sounds made when a bamboo chopstick is broken follow the three main power laws that describe earthquakes, yet scientists also show that they can explain this power law behavior using geometry. Credit: Tsai, et al. ©2016 American Physical Society

(Phys.org)—Whereas a dry twig can be broken with a single snap, breaking a bamboo chopstick produces more than 400 crackling sounds. In a new study, researchers have found similarities between the complex acoustic emission of breaking a bamboo chopstick and the three famous power laws that describe earthquake activity. The scientists also propose that the underlying mechanism behind these laws may be simpler than currently thought.

The researchers, Sun-Ting Tsai et al., from National Tsing Hua University, have published their paper on the sounds of breaking a single bamboo chopstick in a recent issue of Physical Review Letters.

Bamboo and earthquakes

Bamboo is made of a bundle of fibers, similar to how a handful of uncooked spaghetti is made of a bundle of noodles. When a chopstick breaks, each fiber cracks at a different time. Further, a single fiber within a bundle breaks only a little bit at a time. This produces a multitude of crackling sounds: about 80 main cracks (roughly corresponding to the number of fibers) and four to eight smaller cracks following each main crack, in analogy with an earthquake's main shock and many smaller aftershocks.

Like many natural phenomena, the breaking of a bamboo chopstick does not happen randomly. The researchers showed that the crackling sounds mimic by closely following the three main seismic power laws.

First, the researchers found that quieter (lower-energy) sounds are much more common than louder (higher-energy) sounds, and the distribution of sounds in terms of their acoustic energy follows a power law similar to the Gutenberg-Richter law. This law describes how much more common smaller-magnitude earthquakes are than larger-magnitude earthquakes.

(Top) Spaghetti and (bottom) a bamboo chopstick have similar structures by cross-section and side view. Credit: Tsai, et al. ©2016 American Physical Society

Second, the rate of bamboo aftershocks decreases quickly after the main shock. This rate is described by a power law that is very similar to Omori's law, which shows that the likelihood that an aftershock will occur decreases more and more each day after the initial quake, also in a power-law fashion.

Third, in the bamboo chopstick, the ratio between the magnitude of the main shock and that of the largest aftershock does not depend on the magnitude of the main shock. This observation follows Båth's law, which says the same thing for earthquakes.


Video available here:

http://phys.org/news/2016-01-earthquake-power-laws-emerge-bamboo.html#jCp

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Posted by: Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com>



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[californiadisasters] On This Date In California Weather History (January 31)



2003: It was 97° F in Riverside, 96° F in Santa Ana and 92° F in Escondido, each the highest temperature on record for January.

2002: Temperatures plummeted on 1.30 and on this day.
It was 13° F at Shelter Valley, 17° F at Campo, 22° F at Ramona and 28° F at Escondido.
Crops were damaged in northern San Diego County.

1999: Four funnel clouds were reported in the Valley: two north of Bakersfield, one near the Fresno Yosemite International Airport and another near Merced.

1995: Fresno recorded 0.01" of precipitation.
This marked the 21st day of the month to record measurable precipitation, a record for any month of the year.

1984: High of 82° F in Bakersfield, tied for warmest high ever in the month of January (also on January 16, 1932).

1979: A winter storm that started on 1.30 and ended on this day spread 2"-4" of rainfall in 24 hours over much of coastal Southern California, and 2" of snow in Palm Springs.
On this day snow fell heavily in Palm Springs and eight inches fell at Lancaster.
All major interstates into LA (I-5, I-15, and I-10) were closed.
Snow drifts shut down Interstate 10 on both sides of Palm Springs, isolating the city.
Schools were closed and hundreds of cars were abandoned.
A snow and rain mix was reported in Borrego Springs.
Mt. Laguna received two feet of snow and Julian one foot.
Winds up to 60 mph blew in the San Diego Mountains.
A tornado touched down in Santa Ana, and possibly occurred elsewhere.
Golf ball size hail and widespread snow were also reported during the storm.
4.82" of rain fell in National City, 4.25" in La Mesa, 3.30" at SDSU, and 3.78" in El Cajon.
Flooding occurred along Silver Strand highway, in Fashion Valley, also in Spring Valley, Lemon Grove, Lakeside and Carlsbad.
Lake Hodges overflowed.
Numerous power outages resulted.
2.57" of rain fell in San Diego on this day, the seventh wettest calendar day on record and the wettest January day.
56" of snow fell in Big Bear Lake from this day to 2.2, the greatest storm snowfall on record.
26" fell on this day, the greatest daily snowfall on record for January and the second greatest daily amount on record.
This snowfall also occurred on 2.17.1990.
It snowed 1.5" in Palm Springs, the second greatest daily snowfall on record.
The only other daily measurable snowfall on record was 2" (the greatest daily amount on record) on 1.11.1930.

1979: Significant snow fell in the Kern County desert from the 30th into the 31st.
Total accumulations from this event included 9" at China Lake NAS and Mojave with 8" at Randsburg and 4.5" at Inyokern.

1979: Snow fell continuously for 23 hours and 31 minutes in Las Vegas, NV on this date with a storm total of 7.8".

1976: It was 83° F at Paso Robles setting a record high for the month.

1969: The morning low at South Lake Tahoe was -13° F.

1963: Big Sur received 9.23" of rain -- its greatest one day rainfall.


1938: 30" of snow fell at Tahoe City.

1916: Bridgeport had a morning low temperature of -36° F, its all-time record low temperature.

Source: NWS San Francisco/Monterey, Hanford, Reno, Las Vegas, & San Diego


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Posted by: Kim Noyes <kimnoyes@gmail.com>


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Saturday, January 30, 2016

[californiadisasters] Picture of the Day - A~Town Buttermilk Sky



Eclectic Arcania a little bit later saw "red at night... sailor's delight":

http://eclecticarcania.blogspot.com/2016/01/picture-of-day-atown-buttermilk-sky.html


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Posted by: Kim Noyes <kimnoyes@gmail.com>


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[californiadisasters] Emergency Manager's Weekly Report 1-29-16 [2 Attachments]

[Attachment(s) from Steve Detwiler included below]

Hello Everyone,

 

This week's edition is now available at:

https://sites.google.com/site/emergencymanagersweeklyreport/home

 

Steve Detwiler



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Attachment(s) from Steve Detwiler | View attachments on the web

2 of 2 File(s)


Posted by: Steve Detwiler <steveorange2011@gmail.com>


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[californiadisasters] 2000 Alaska Air 261 Disaster, Sunday, 31 January 2016



"2000 Alaska Air 261 Disaster" reminder
When
Sunday, 31 January 2016
12:15 AM to 12:15 AM
(GMT) Greenwich Mean Time - Dublin / Edinburgh / Lisbon / London
Where
Offshore of Anacapa Island in the Santa Barbara Channel
Notes
On this date in 2000, Alaska Air Flight 261 experienced a catastrophic mechanical failure in the form of a worn jackscrew controlling a horizontal flap in the tail. The jet aircraft plummeted nose first into the ocean in sight of other passenger jet aircraft who were watching as they flew past the tragedy. The MD-83 was carrying a crew of five with 83 passengers and all aboard were killed.
From
californiadisasters   Calendar


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[Geology2] Lava dome has formed in El Popo’s crater



El Popo's lava dome.
El Popo's lava dome.

Lava dome has formed in El Popo's crater

There could be more explosions from the volcano as a result


Mexico News Daily | Friday, January 29, 2016

There could be small to medium-sized explosions at El Popo following the appearance of a lava dome, authorities say.

After a flyover above the Popocatépetl volcano located in the states of Puebla and Morelos, National Disaster Prevention Center (Cenapred) staff have confirmed the formation of a 300-meter-diameter lava dome in its crater.

The dome, created by accumulated lava that then solidifies, could help contain the volcano's pressure, thus increasing the risk of explosions in the next few days.

Low-intensity exhalations — the release of accumulated gases — and explosions have been recorded in recent days. One of the explosions expelled incandescent fragments up to two kilometers away from the crater.

This activity, along with some tremors, is related to the creation of the dome, said the agency.

After assessing the data, Cenapred has decided to keep the volcano alert on its yellow, phase two level. It also warned that moderate exhalations are expected, with some ash emission and sporadic explosions, that may expel incandescent fragments a short distance away. A slight incandescence may be also visible during the night.

The agency also reminded the public of the restricted zone, which extends in a 12-kilometer radius around the crater. Traffic controls continue on the Paso de Cortés, between the towns of Santiago Xalitzintla, in the state of Puebla, and San Pedro Nexapa, State of México.

  http://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/lava-dome-has-formed-in-el-popos-crater/#sthash.yMWwex28.dpuf

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Posted by: Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com>



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[Geology2] Ancient rocks of Tetons formed by continental collisions



Ancient rocks of Tetons formed by continental collisions


Rolling Thunder Mountain near Talus Lake is part of the Teton Range. The orange rock in the foreground is Webb Canyon gneiss, granite formed by decompression melting more than 2.6 billion years ago.
Credit: Carol Frost
University of Wyoming scientists have found evidence of continental collisions in Wyoming's Teton Range, similar to those in the Himalayas, dating to as early as 2.68 billion years ago.

The research, published Jan. 22 in the journal Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, shows that plate tectonics were operating in what is now western Wyoming long before the collisions that created the Himalayas starting 40 million years ago.

In fact, the remnants of tectonic activity in old rocks exposed in the Tetons point to the world's earliest known continent-continent collision, says Professor Carol Frost of UW's Department of Geology and Geophysics, lead author of the paper.
"While the Himalayas are the prime example of continent-continent collisions that take place due to plate tectonic motion today, our work suggests plate tectonics operated far, far back into the geologic past," Frost says.

The paper's co-authors include fellow UW Department of Geology and Geophysics faculty members Susan Swapp and Ron Frost.

The researchers reached their conclusions by analyzing ancient, exposed granite in the northern Teton Range and comparing it to similar rock in the Himalayas. The rocks were formed from magma produced by what is known as decompression melting, a process that commonly occurs when two continental tectonic plates collide. The dramatically thickened crust extends under gravitational forces, and melting results when deeper crust rises closer to the surface.

While the Tetons are a relatively young mountain range, formed by an uplift along the Teton Fault less than 9 million years ago, the rocks exposed there are some of the oldest found in North America.

The UW scientists found that the mechanisms that formed the granites of the Tetons and the Himalayas are comparable, but that there are significant differences between the rocks of the two regions. That is due to differences in the composition of the continental crust in Wyoming 2.68 billion years ago compared to crustal plates observed today. Specifically, the ancient crust that melted in the Tetons contained less potassium than the more recently melted crust found in the Himalayas.

The research was supported by the National Science Foundation.

Reference:
Carol D. Frost et al, Leucogranites of the Teton Range, Wyoming: A record of Archean collisional orogeny, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2015). DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2015.12.015

Note: The above post is reprinted from materials provided by University of Wyoming.

http://www.geologypage.com/2016/01/ancient-rocks-of-tetons-formed-by.html
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Posted by: Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com>



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[Geology2] Geophysicist Questions Stability of Antarctic Ice Sheet




Geophysicist Questions Stability of Antarctic Ice Sheet



A professor in Syracuse University's College of Arts and Sciences is joining the growing debate over the fate of the world's largest ice sheet, whose sudden melting is sending shockwaves throughout the geophysics community.

Robert Moucha, assistant professor of Earth sciences, is the co-author of a recent paper in Geology (Geological Society of America, 2015), examining the impact of the deep Earth on ice-sheet stability. Particular emphasis is on the retreat, or melting, of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, one of two massive ice sheets in the South Pole and the largest in the world.

Moucha and his colleagues contend that by studying other periods of global warming—namely, the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP), which occurred approximately 3 million years ago, scientists can better understand the potential impact of today's warming trendings.
"While data analysis and ice-sheet modeling indicate that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet melted during the MPWP, concern over the much larger East Antarctic Ice Sheet continues," Moucha says. "The stability of a grounded, marine-based ice sheet depends on the elevation of the bedrock on which it rests."

Moucha and Harvard Ph.D. candidate Jacquelyn Austermann simulated the 3-million year evolution of convective mantle flow (a process by which the solid Earth cools, causing movement and deformation of its surface), to reconstruct Antarctic bedrock elevation during the mid-Pliocene. The real test, Moucha recalls, was linking their results with mid-Pliocene climate conditions and ice-sheet modeling done by co-authors David Pollard and Robert DeConto at Penn State and the University of Massachusetts Amherst, respectively.

"We found that regions with sub-glacial topography, such as the Wilkes Basin in East Antarctica, were at a lower elevation during the mid-Pliocene," Moucha says. "This had a profound effect on the retreat of the modeled ice-sheet grounding line [the point at which glaciers begin to float, instead of resting on bedrock], raising the global sea-level by a few more meters than would happen in a scenario involving present-day bedrock elevation."

These findings agree with geochemical analyses of offshore sediment cores, suggesting a more retreated ice sheet in the Wilkes Basin, but, until now, they have been difficult to show in ice-sheet simulations. "This implies that the ice sheet in the Wilkes Basin may be more stable today than during the MPWP because it rests on more bedrock," Moucha says.

Given the urgency of this kind of work, he anticipates more interdisciplinary collaborations between tectonicists and climatologists: "It's the tip of the proverbial iceberg, and exemplifies how different disciplines in the Earth sciences can come together to unravel the geological record, while providing a glimpse into the future."

The paper includes authors from Columbia and the universities of Chicago and Quebec.

Reference:
Jacqueline Austermann et al. The impact of dynamic topography change on Antarctic ice sheet stability during the mid-Pliocene warm period, Geology (2015). DOI: 10.1130/G36988.1

Note: The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Syracuse University.

http://www.geologypage.com/2016/01/geophysicist-questions-stability-of.html
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Posted by: Lin Kerns <linkerns@gmail.com>



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