Other than a simple dismissal I expanded my remarks so the other readers there may be, so they can understand the counter points to your theory of super natural/super ordinary angular directed force and impact imparted plate movement. Hopefully their understanding of impact geology will be deepened.
Ben, Ok I stand corrected on other possible antipodal budges in the solar system-- I am humbled-- but, I stand firm on momentum and rock brittleness--rocks can only plastically deform at speeds which remain below their brittleness coefficient. It takes a like mass to produce over thrusts across a broad front-- such as the plates of NA and Africa producing the Appalachians along with initall and declining speeds of 2.5 cm per year such that it took what 100my to displace them 150 miles>--not a shock impulse magically stored up and bleed out over 100 my. There is no storage mechanism to accomplish this is what I am saying.
Yes your concept falls outside mainstream theory--way outside but we've been down this road many a time. IF a single construct of your theory falls down them the entire theory falls down. That condition has been met many times over. Re your latest addition: "Angular directed force" is called a "vector" and in an impact there are as many as their are points on a globe. There are a succession of vectors most of which are contained by the bedrock so the strongest cluster of vectors are right back out the middle of the crater. It takes an extremely low angle trajectory(3-5°) vector to dig a trench. Look across the solar system and 99.999% of craters are round/occasionally mildly ovoid as the cold, hard, stable, target rock constrains those vectors very well. The impactor is no match for their rigidity except what is dead in the middle. They BREAK and MELT before sliding. (e.g. uplift rim and central rebound) IF you still advance your throy it means that you haven't mastered any of the recommended subject areas mentioned here and before or you would see the fallacies before you presented them here. All the posting I can do will not bring you to a level of understanding that you can gain by a lengthy devotion to reading text books and watching online lectures. Personally I believe it would be far more constructive to do that then to waste time forming scenarios that could not exist.
Top layers are attached with great adhesion to the layers below them and low angle impacts might dig a trench and "spall" away those layers in a very localized manner-. No extreme extended vibration producing liquefaction can occur other than locally in an asteroid impact. It takes a several 10's of seconds of shaking by an earthquake to trigger and then only along a localized fault and in unconsolidated deposits. Hint: lithified deposits don't shake and become mobilized in quakes.
I have personally researched on-site and in-situ, 12+ astroblemes and as many volcanoes. I look for specifically for breccia deposits along with sites of liquefaction, radial faults with or without younger deposits within, all in and around and beyond those craters. NONE of them show any disturbance beyond the crater rim outer base. I have found fossil oysters, belemnites and, lignite segments which had segmented crack offsets of a a couple millimeters from the shock wave but the layers of marl and bedrock they were in, were not disrupted, not even at the outside base of the crater. THEY HAD NOT MOVED in any direction. The impactor disintegrates consuming MOST of the kinetic energy. I feel qualified by my own observations to say that what you propose DOES NOT happen. You are free to search for an example which shows any of what you propose has happened beyond a few miles of the crater and we can compare notes.
I don't want to get meaner than I already am, as I do believe that you have a fairly good intellect ( and great imagination) so go train it in Geology before undertaking any more book writing. Your theory doesn't replace existing plate theory and you keep conjecturing examples which has already been explained under existing theory and researched plate histories. Antipodal vulcanism is one thing you should stick with as it is the most likely provable if you find examples that don't have to be manufactured. Asteroid imparted plate movement is not possible. Period. PS: Add Rock Mechanics to your curriculum.
You have gotten what you claimed you came here to get--constructive criticism/ feedback. You keep coming back with new twists but refuse to address the facts which dismantle your theory. I don't believe anyone here has endorsed your theory or even expressed the slightest agreement, so you should take that as their final answer. Further consideration is moot and a waste of time. There is nothing more I can or am willing to address. All your conjecturing in the all your lifetime will not change physical laws. I think if not already, the tribe will very soon" have spoken".
Eman
From: Ben Fishler <benfishler@yahoo.com>
To: geology2@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Tuesday, January 28, 2014 5:20 PM
Subject: Re: [Geology2] More Antipodal Theory -- Rapid Surface Movement
Dear Eman,
Thank you for taking the time to address the explanations that I wrote regarding the general topic of rapid surface movement.
I would agree that much of what I write about could not occur under ordinary circumstances. However, I do believe that under conditions of extreme vibration and angular directed force (imagine the impact object coming in from the northeast at an angle of 35 degrees to vertical), the top layers near the edge of a tectonic plate could be moved into another position on that same plate.
Yes, there would be much spalling and delaminating and frictional release due to extreme vibration and liquified rock at the faces of the slipping points, but I believe that it would be possible.
This movement would explain the 30 degree south latitude markers in the lava of the Deccan traps, as noted by Dr. Hetu Sheth. If the original Chicxulub impact started at 30 degrees north and skidded to a point near its present location at 21 degrees north, the result would explain the 30 degree south lava at the Deccan traps without resorting to polar wander.
This movement would also explain the strange Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) basalt area found in the Yucatan, so far away any other easily explainable CAMP areas. There is a nice, big CAMP basalt area located right in the lower Alabama, Georgia and Florida panhandle area that is likely the origin of this wayward Yucatan piece (see 2002 AGU monograph by J. Gregory McHone, especially the map on page 2).
This Chicxulub movement would also be consistent with the note "The tectonic trend links the Yucatan Peninsula to Florida, across the SE Gulf of Mexico." by Keith H. James of the Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences at the University of Wales in his article "The Caribbean Ocean Plateau."
If you subscribe to the theory that the Caribbean Large Igneous Province was created by the pulling away from the South American plate by the North American plate (which I do; see "the Caribbean Ocean Plateau" cited earlier), then there would not be so much resistance to some movement of a part of the North American plate back into that area.
It may appear that I am hypothesizing activities that are geologically impossible, but I believe that the frictional release allowed by the great earthquakes that would accompany a large impact would change the game. When this intense directional pressure and extreme vibration is combined with the liquefaction at slip surfaces under great pressure, there would be opportunities for significant movement through delamination of surface sections of a tectonic plate.
Several recent articles discuss the ways in which movement of slipping surfaces under pressure can cause liquefaction at that surface and aid in the continuation of that movement.
On page 1380 of www.sciencemag.com in 22013, authors Lingling Le and Thorne Lay of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz; Hiroo Kanamori of the Seismological Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology and Keith D. Koper of the Department of Geology and Geophysics of the University of Utah state: "Once deep fault slip initiates and becomes substantial, frictional heating can lead to melting of the fault surface, abetting runaway rupture expansion for large deep earthquakes." Obviously an impact is not a deep earthquake, but it could simulate the extreme pressures.
Adrian P. Jones and G. David Price of the Dept. of Geological Sciences, University College London wrote a piece entitled "Impact-induced decompression melting: A possible trigger for volcanism and mantle hotspots?" In this article, they suggest that not only has the degree of melting by a large impact been greatly underestimated, but that it may be sufficient to produce a plume or hotspot at the impact site. My theory looks positively tame compared to this.
VESTA
You mention that the asteroid Vesta has a bulge at the antipode of a large crater. The bulge is only about 10% of the size of the crater.
Actually, there is a similar situation on the planet Mercury, where the giant Caloris crater has an uplifted area the size of France and Germany at its antipode (roughly 10% here, too) as reported by Dr. Michael Martin-Smith.
There are also reports of similar situations on the planet Mars by David and Charles Webber.
All of these situations are significantly different from Earth, because these bodies are made of solid, hardened rock. In contrast, Earth is much more of a hydraulic system, with molten and semi-molten rock allowing a much more effective transfer of energy.
DECCAN TRAPS
You also bring up the point that some volcanism in the area of the Deccan traps is older than 65 MYA.
Gerta Keller of the Department of Geosciences at Princeton University wrote an article entitled "The Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction, Chicxulub Impact and Deccan Volcanism." The paper asserts that there was a small amount of volcanism in the area of the Deccan traps 67.5 MYA, but the huge, main phase of volcanism began later and ended coincident with the KT boundary. Furthermore, the Chicxulub impact predates the KT boundary by about 300,000 years.
Other sources tell us that the Deccan traps erupted without abatement for 100,000 years and intermittently for tens of thoiusands of years afterwards.
In other words, it was the persistent Deccan volcanism that went on and on after the Chicxulub impact that did the primary damage. Yes, there was some minor volcanism in that area two and a half million years before the Chicxulub impact, but it was unrelated to the extinction and it was probably unrelated to the huge Deccan trap volcanic event, itself.
I realize that much of what I am proposing is outside of standard accepted theory. It is quite helpful for me to understand where the differences are, so that I can either highlight these differences appropriately or adjust or even abandon parts of my theory as needed.
Thank you for helping me with this.
Regards,
Ben Fishler
From: MEM <mstreman53@yahoo.com>
To: "geology2@yahoogroups.com" <geology2@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Monday, January 27, 2014 3:11 PM
Subject: Re: [Geology2] More Antipodal Theory -- Rapid Surface Movement
Dear Ben, I can't get into this debate other than this exception. One I just don't think it represents real world physics and is moot for me and two: I am very occupied presently and can't provide detailed answers addressing a play by play of your examples, sorry if I leave out any major points-- but the gist is that "surfaces" (sic)( assuming you mean continental masses) don't move without the plate on which they are affixed to so move. They are rooted/fixed to the slab and don't move independently. So ANY argument about surface moving by itself is disproved and the theory falls down. In the past I referred you to the Wilson Cycle Series at James Mason University online but I don't see that this was incorporated in your latest posting.
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